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a) with the aid of a diagram, explain how atmospheric pollution associated with increased transport use causes misallocation of resources (10)
b) Discuss the extent to which increased indirect taxes on transport users might correct the market failure caused by atmospheric pollution associated with increased transport use (15)
Research this essay and then write it out in 1 hour
1. (a) explain the benefits of an integrated transport policy (10)
(b) Discuss the extent to which the present structure of the UK rail industry contributes towards an integrated transport policy (15)
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2. (a)Explain the natural monopoly argument as applied to transport (10 mks)
(b) Evaluate the policies a government may follow to increase the degree of competition within transport markets (15 mks)
Research this essay and then write it out in 1 hour
3. (a) Outline the main barriers to entry in the transport market (10 mks)
(b) Evaluate the impact of Rail Privatisation (15 mks)
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a) Explain the factors which have influenced the growth in demand for private car use (10)
b) Discuss the extent to which a national road user charging scheme could reverse the growth in demand for private car use (15)
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a) Explain how economists forecast air passenger transport demand (10)
b) Discuss the implications for government policy of the projected increase in demand for air passenger transport (15)
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(a) Explain how the negative externalities caused by transport users result in the misallocation of resources (10)
(b) Discuss the extent to which taxes levied on transport users correct the misallocation of resources such users cause (15)
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(a) Explain the private and external costs associated with traffic congestion. (10)
(b) Discuss, with the aid of examples, the effectiveness of using the cost benefit approach when appraising transport infrastructure projects. (15)